Satellite trunked radio service system

ABSTRACT

In a mobile satellite system, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement includes first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connecter to and registering with the mobile satellite system. The first MET selects a closed user group network identifier (NET. ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmits the NET ID to a central controller. The central controller receives the NET ID from the first MET, validates the first MET for communication, validates the NET ID, allocates a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasts the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The second MET tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller, and the central controller assigns the first MET as current speaker for the NET group.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/718,133 filed Sep. 18, 1996 now abandoned.

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/003,989 filed on Sep. 19, 1995 entitled “Satellite Trunked Radio Service System.”

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a satellite trunked radio service system for satellite communication, and more particularly, to a satellite trunked radio service system for satellite communication utilizing a shared satellite demand period circuit associated with private voice networks.

BACKGROUND ART

An overview of the satellite network system is illustrated in FIG. 1. The satellite network system design provides the capability for METs and FESs to access one or more multiple beam satellites located in geostationary orbit to obtain communications services.

The heart of the satellite network system for each of the networks is the Network Control System (NCS) which monitors and controls each of the networks. The principal function of the NCS is to manage the overall satellite network system, to manage access to the satellite network system, to assign satellite circuits to meet the requirements of mobile customers and to provide network management and network administrative and call accounting functions.

The satellites each transmit and receive signals to and from METs at L-band frequencies and to and from Network Communications controllers (NCCs) and Feederlink Earth Stations (FESs) at Ku-band frequencies. Communications at L-band frequencies is via a number of satellite beams which together cover the service area. The satellite beams are sufficiently strong to permit voice and data communications using inexpensive mobile terminals and will provide for frequency reuse of the L-band spectrum through inter-beam isolation. A single beam generally covers the service area.

The satellite network system provides the capability for mobile earth terminals to access one or more multiple beam satellites located in geostationary orbit for the purposes of providing mobile communications services. The satellite network system is desired to provide the following general categories of service:

Mobile Telephone Service (MTS). This service provides point-to-point circuit switched voice connections between mobile and public switched telephone network (PSTN) subscriber stations. It is possible for calls to be originated by either the mobile terminal or terrestrial user. Mobile terminal-to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.

Mobile Radio Service (MRS). This service provides point-to-point circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and subscriber stations in a private network (PN) which is not a part of the PSTN. It is possible for calls to be originated from either end. Mobile terminal-to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.

Mobile Telephone Cellular Roaming Service (MTCRS). This service provides Mobile Telephone Service to mobile subscribers who are also equipped with cellular radio telephones. When the mobile terminal is within range of the cellular system, calls are serviced by the cellular system. When the mobile terminal is not in range of the cellular system, the MTCRS is selected to handle the call and appears to the user to be a part of the cellular system. When the mobile terminal is not in range of the cellular system, the MTCRS is selected to handle the call and appears to the user to be a part of the cellular system. It is possible for calls to be originated either from the MET or the PSTN. Mobile terminal-to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.

Mobile Data Service (MDS). This service provides a packet switched connection between a data terminal equipment (DTE) device at a mobile terminal and a data communications equipment (DCE)/DTE device connected to a public switched packet network. Integrated voice/data operation is also supported.

The satellites are designed to transmit signals at L-band frequencies in the frequency band 1530-1559 MHz. They will receive L-band frequencies in the frequency band 1631.5-1660.5 MHz. Polarization is right hand circular in both bands. The satellites will also transmit in the Ku frequency band, 10,750 MHz to 10,950 MHz, and receive Ku-band signals in the frequency band 13,000 to 13,250 MHz.

The satellite transponders are designed to translate communications signals accessing the satellite at Ku-band frequencies to an L-band frequency in a given beam and vice versa. The translation will be such that there is a one-to-one relation between frequency spectrum at Ku-band and frequency spectrum in any beam at L-band. The satellite transponders will be capable of supporting L-band communications in any portion of the 29 MHz allocation in any beam.

Transponder capacity is also provided for Ku-band uplink to Ku-band down-link for signalling and network management purposes between FESs and NCCs. The aggregate effective isotropic radiated power (AEIRP) is defined as that satellite e.i.r.p. that would result if the total available communications power of the communications subsystem was applied to the beam that covers that part of the service area. Some of the key performance parameters of the satellite are listed in FIG. 2.

The satellite network system interfaces to a number of entities which are required to access it for various purposes. FIG. 3 is a context diagram of the satellite network system illustrating these entities and their respective interfaces. Three major classes of entities are defined as user of communications services, external organizations requiring coordination, and network management system.

The users of satellite network communications services are MET users who access the satellite network system either via terrestrial networks (PSTN, PSDN, or Private Networks) or via METs for the purpose of using the services provided by the system FES Owner/Operators are those organizations which own and control FESs that provide a terrestrial interface to the satellite network. When an FES becomes a part of the satellite network, it must meet specified technical performance criteria and interact with and accept real-time control from the NCCs. FES Owner/Operators determine the customized services that are offered and are ultimately responsible for the operation and maintenance of the FES. Customers and service providers interact with the Customer Management Information System within the Network Management System.

The satellite network system interfaces to, and performs transactions with, the external organizations described below:

Satellite Operations Center (SOC): The SOC is not included in the satellite network ground segment design. However, the satellite network system interfaces with the SOC in order to maintain cognizance of the availability of satellite resources (e.g. in the event of satellite health problems, eclipse operations, etc.) and, from time to time, to arrange for any necessary satellite reconfiguration to meet changes in traffic requirements.

NOC: The satellite network system interfaces with the satellites located therein via the NOC for a variety of operational reasons including message delivery and coordination.

Independent NOCs: The satellite network system interfaces with outside organizations which lease resources on satellite network satellites and which are responsible for managing and allocating these resources in a manner suited to their own needs.

Other System NOCs: This external entity represents outside organizations which do not lease resources on satellite network satellites but with whom operational coordination is required.

The satellite network management system (NMS) is normally located at an administration's headquarters and may comprise three major functional entities; Customer Management Information System (CMIS), Network Engineering, and System Engineering (NE/SE). These entities perform functions necessary for the management and maintenance of the satellite network system which are closely tied to the way the administration intends to do business. The basic functions which are performed by CMIS, Network Engineering, and System Engineering are as follows:

Customer Management Information System: This entity provides customers and service providers with assistance and information including problem resolution, service changes, and billing/usage data. Customers include individual MET owners and fleet managers of larger corporate customers. Service providers are the retailers and maintenance organizations which interact face to face with individual and corporate customers.

Network Engineering: This entity develops plans and performs analysis in support of the system. Network Engineering analyzes the requirements of the network. It reconciles expected traffic loads with the capability and availability of space and ground resources to produce frequency plans for the different beams within the system. In addition, Network Engineering defines contingency plans for failure situations.

System Engineering: This entity engineers the subsystems, equipment and software which is needed to expand capacity to meet increases in traffic demands and to provide new features and services which become marketable to subscribers.

The satellite network system comprises a number of system elements and their interconnecting communications links as illustrated in FIG. 4. The system elements are the NOC, the NCC, the FES, the MET, the Remote Monitor Station (RMS), and the System Test Station (STS). The interconnecting communications links are the satellite network Internetwork, terrestrial links, the MET signaling channels, the Interstation signaling channels, and the MET-FES communications channels. The major functions of each of the system elements are as follows:

NOC. The NOC manages and controls the resources of the satellite network system and carries out the administrative functions associated with the management of the total satellite network system. The NOC communicates with the various internal and external entities via a local area network (LAN)/wide area network (WAN) based satellite network Internetwork and dial-up lines.

NCC. The NCC manages the real time allocation of circuits between METs and FESs for the purposes of supporting communications. The available circuits are held in circuit pools managed by Group Controllers (GCs) within the NCC. The NCC communicates with the NOC via the satellite network Internetwork, with FESs via Ku-to-Ku band interstation signaling channels or terrestrial links, and with mobile terminals via Ku-to-L band signaling channels.

FES. The FES supports communications links between METs, the PSTN, private networks, and other MTs. Once a channel is established with an MET, call completion and service feature management is accomplished via In-Band signaling over the communication channel. Two types of FESs have been defined for the satellite network system; Gateway FESs and Base FESs. Gateway FESs provide MTS, MRS, MTCRS and NR services. Base FESs are for like services and/or value added services.

MET. The MET provides the mobile user access to the communications channels and services provided by the satellite network system. A range of terminal types has been defined for the satellite network system.

RMS. The RMS monitors L-band RF spectrum and transmission performance in specific L-band beams. An RMS is nominally located in each L-band beam. Each RMS interfaces with the NOC via either a satellite or terrestrial link.

STS. The STS provides an L-band network access capability to support FES commissioning tests and network service diagnostic tests. The STS is collocated with, and interfaced to, the NOC.

Communications channels transport voice, data and facsimile transmissions between METs and FESs via the satellite. Connectivity for MET-to-MET calls is accomplished by double hopping the communications channels via equipped FESs. Signaling channels are used to set up and tear down communications circuits, to monitor and control FES and MET operation, and to transport other necessary information between network elements for the operation of satellite network. The system provides Out-of-Band and Interstation signaling channels for establishing calls and transferring information. In-Band signaling is provided on established communications channels for supervisory and feature activation purposes. A detailed description of the satellite network signaling system architecture is provided in L. White, et al., “North American Mobile Satellite System Signaling Architecture,” AIAA 14th International Communications Satellite Conference, Washington, D.C. (March 1992), incorporated herein by reference.

The satellite network Internetwork provides interconnection among the major satellite network ground system elements such as the NOCs, NCCs, and Data Hubs, as well as external entities. Various leased and dial-up lines are used for specific applications within the satellite network system such as backup interstation links between the NCC and FESs and interconnection of RMSs with the NOC.

The primary function of the NOC is to manage and control the resources of the satellite network system. FIG. 5 is a basic block diagram of the NOC and its interface. The NOC computer is shown with network connections, peripheral disks, fault tolerant features, and expansion capabilities to accommodate future growth. The NOC software is represented as two major layers, a functional layer and a support layer. The functional layer represents the application specific portion of the NOC software. The support layer represents software subsystems which provide a general class of services and are used by the subsystems in the functional layer.

The application specific functions performed by the NOC are organized according to five categories: fault management, accounting management, configuration management, performance management, and security management. The general NCC Terminal Equipment (NCCTE) configuration showing constituent equipment includes: processing equipment, communications equipment, mass storage equipment, man-machine interface equipment, and optional secure MET Access Security Key (ASK) storage equipment. The Processing Equipment consists of one or more digital processors that provide overall NCC control, NCS call processing, network access processing and internetwork communications processing.

The Communications Equipment consists of satellite signaling and communications channel units and FES terrestrial communication link interface units. The Mass Storage Equipment provides NCC network configuration database storage, call record spool buffering an executable program storage. The Man-Machine Interface Equipment provides operator command, display and hard copy facilities, and operator access to the computer operating systems. The MET ASK storage Equipment provides a physically secure facility for protecting and distributing MET Access Security Keys.

The NCCTE comprises three functional subsystems: NCCTE Common Equipment Subsystem, Group Controller Subsystem, and Network Access Subsystem. The NCCTE Common Equipment subsystem comprises an NCC Controller, NCCTE mass storage facilities, and the NCCTE man-machine interface. The NCC Controller consists of processing and database resources which perform functions which are common to multiple Group Controllers. These functions include satellite network Internetwork communications, central control and monitoring of the NCCTE and NCCRE, storage of the network configuration, buffering of FES and Group Controller call accounting data, transfer of transaction information to the Off-line NCC and control and monitoring of FESs.

The Mass Storage element provides NCC network configuration database storage, call accounting data spool buffering, and NCCTE executable program storage. The Man-machine Interface provides Operator command and display facilities for control and monitoring of NCC operation and includes hard copy facilities for logging events and alarms. A Group Controller (GC) is the physical NCC entity consisting of hardware and software processing resources that provides real time control according to the CG database received from the NOC.

The Group Controller Subsystem may incorporate one to four Group Controllers. Each Group Controller maintains state machines for every call in progress within the Control Group. It allocates and de-allocates circuits for FES-MET calls within each beam of the system, manages virtual network call processing, MET authentication, and provides certain elements of call accounting. When required, it provides satellite bandwidth resources to the NOC for AMS(R)S resource provisioning. The Group Controller monitors the performance of call processing and satellite circuit pool utilization. It also performs MET management, commissioning and periodic performance verification testing.

The Network Access Subsystem consists of satellite interface channel equipment for Out-of-Band signaling and Interstation Signaling which are used to respond to MET and FES requests for communications services. The Network Access Processor also includes MET communications interfaces that are used to perform MET commission testing. In addition, the subsystem includes terrestrial data link equipment for selected FES Interstation Signaling.

The principal function of the FES is to provide the required circuit switched connections between the satellite radio channels, which provide communications links to the mobile earth terminals, and either the PSTN or PN. FESs will be configured as Gateway Stations (GS) to provide MTS and MTCRS services or Base Stations to provide MRS and Net Radio services (described in detail below) Gateway and Base functions can be combined in a single station.

The FES operates under the real time control of the Network Communications Controller (NCC) to implement the call set-up and take-down procedures of the communications channels to and from the METs. Control of the FES by the NCC is provided via the interstation signaling channels. An FES will support multiple Control Groups and Virtual Networks. The FES is partitioned into two major functional blocks, the FES RF Equipment (FES-RE) and the FES Terminal Equipment (FES-TE). The principal function of the FES-RE is to provide the radio transmission functions for the FES. In the transmit direction it combines all signals from the communications and interstation signaling channel unit outputs from the FES-TE, and amplifies them and up-convert these to Ku-Band for transmission to the satellite via the antenna. In the receive direction, signals received from the satellite are down-converted from Ku-Band, amplified and distributed to the channel units within the FES-TE. Additional functions include satellite induced Doppler correction, satellite tracking and uplink power control to combat rain fades.

The principal function of the FES-TE is to perform the basic call processing functions for the FES and to connect the METs to the appropriate PSTN or PN port. Under control of the NCC, the FES assigns communications channel units to handle calls initiated by MET or PSTN subscribers. The FES-TE also performs alarm resorting, call detail record recording, and provision of operator interfaces.

For operational convenience, an FES may in some cases be collocated with the NCC. In this event, the NCC RF Equipment will be shared by the two system elements and the interstation signaling may be via a LAN. Connection to and from the PSTN is via standard North American interconnect types as negotiated with the organization providing PSTN interconnection. This will typically be a primary rate digital interconnect. Connection to and from private networks is via standard North American interconnect types as negotiated with the organization requesting satellite network service. This will typically be a primary rate digital interconnect for larger FESs or an analog interconnect for FESs equipped with only a limited number of channels may be employed.

We have discovered that there is a general need for an integrated mobile telephone that can be used to transmit to, and receive from, to communicate in a Closed User Group (CUG) arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying. Each member of the group can also talk when needed. The system behaves like a radio multi-party line where several parties communicate over the same communication channel. Public services and law enforcement agencies are typical users of this service, which is normally provided by either traditional terrestrial radio networks or by the more recent trunked radio systems. These trunked systems, generally in the 800-900 MHz band, provide groups of end users with virtual private systems by assigning frequencies to CUGs on a demand basis. In this connection, however, we have discovered that an integrated mobile communication device is needed that provides this ability to communicate in a CUG of a satellite network. Further, we have discovered that if this type of satellite trunking utilizes a shared satellite demand period circuit per CUG rather than one circuit per mobile user, the cost per minute of a group conversation would be much less expensive to the owner of the group.

We have also discovered that the call set-up time for one shared circuit per CUG compared to a mobile radio service multi-user conference set-up time is likely to be more acceptable to a group end user/operator, who normally expects to be able to talk as soon as the handset/microphone is taken off-hook. Further, we have discovered the need for a nationwide and regional point-to-multipoint mobile communication service that is not limited in coverage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an integrated mobile telephone that can be used to transmit and receive in a Closed User Group (CUG) arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying.

It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to permit each member of the group to talk when needed, and to provide a system that behaves like a radio multi-party line.

It is a further feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an integrated mobile communication device that can communicate in a CUG of a satellite network.

It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an inexpensive satellite trunking service to the owner of the group.

It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to minimize the call set-up time for one shared circuit per CUG.

It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to generally effectively and efficiently effectuate transmissions between mobile communication devices and the satellite network in a closed user group environment by utilizing an efficient communication protocol.

It is another feature and advantage of the invention to provide a nationwide and regional point-to-multipoint mobile communication service that is not limited in coverage.

The present invention is based, in part, on the desirability of providing point-to-multipoint circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and a central base station. Mobile users are able to listen to two-way conversations and to transmit using a push-to-talk mode of operation.

To achieve these and other features and advantages of the present invention, a mobile communication system is provided in a mobile satellite system. The mobile satellite system includes a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for receiving/transmitting a satellite message via a satellite from/to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a satellite interface system, a central controller receiving/transmitting the satellite message from/to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite and the satellite interface system. The mobile communication system includes a user interface system providing a user interface through which a user has access to services supported by the mobile satellite system, and an antenna system providing an interface between the mobile communication system and the mobile satellite system via the satellite interface system, and receiving a first satellite message from the satellite and transmitting a second satellite message to the satellite. The antenna system includes an antenna including one of a directional and an omnidirectional configuration, a diplexer, an amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a beam steering unit when the antenna is of the directional configuration, and at least one of a compass and sensor to determine vehicle orientation. The mobile communication system also includes a transceiver system, operatively connected to the antenna system, including a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter converts the second satellite message including at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling signals into a modulated signal, and transmits the modulated signal to the antenna system. The transmitter includes an amplifier, a first converter and associated first frequency synthesizer, a modulator, an encoder, multiplexer, scrambler and frame formatter for at least one of voice, fax, and data. The receiver accepts the first satellite message from the antenna system and converts the first satellite message into at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling signals, at least one of the voice, data and fax signals routed to the user interface system. The receiver includes a second converter with an associated second frequency synthesizer, a demodulator, a decoder, demultiplexer, descrambler and frame unformatter for at least one of voice, fax, and data. The mobile communication system also includes a logic and signaling system, operatively connected to the transceiver, controlling initialization of the mobile communication system, obtaining an assigned outbound signaling channel from which updated system information and commands and messages are received. The logic and signaling system configures the transceiver for reception and transmission of at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling messages, and controls protocols between the mobile communication system and the mobile satellite system, and validating a received signalling messages and generating codes for a signaling message to be transmitted.

In one embodiment of the invention, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement includes first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connected to and registering with the mobile satellite system. The first MET selects a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmits the NET ID to a central controller. The central controller receives the NET ID from the first MET, validates the first MET for communication, validates the NET ID, allocates a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasts the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The second MET tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller, and the central controller assigns the first MET as current speaker for the NET group.

In another embodiment of the invention, a method of providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement includes the steps of first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile satellite system, the first MET selecting a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith. The method also includes the steps of the first MET transmitting the NET ID to the central controller, the central controller receiving the NET ID, validating the first MET for communication, validating the NET ID, allocating a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasting the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The method also includes the steps of the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller, and assigning by the central controller the first MET as current speaker for the NET group.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method also includes the step of monitoring by the first and second METs whether at least one of a dispatcher message, a priority message and a release of speaker message has been issued, and if so, interrupting the current speaker with the at least one of the dispatcher message, the priority message and a new speaker. The method also includes the steps of monitoring by the central controller whether the current speaker is active, and if not, removing the current speaker and setting the current speaker to vacant, notifying by the central controller the first and second METs that the current speaker is vacant, and initiating by one of the first and second METs a request to be the new speaker. The method further includes the steps of receiving by the central controller the request from a first of the one of the first and second METs to be the new speaker, and assigning the first of the one of the first and second METs as the new speaker, and releasing the closed user group communication when no request from the one of the first and second METs is made to be the new speaker for a predetermined period of time.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method also includes the steps of a third MET included in the NET group registering with the mobile satellite system, and the central controller broadcasting the message to the NET group including the third MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The method also includes the steps of the third MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller by generating a scrambling vector for access thereto. The third MET gains access to the frequency and the voice communication of the NET group using the scrambling vector.

According to the invention, the central controller advantageously controls the closed user group satellite communication including net radio parameters used by the first and second METs. The central controller also selectively downloads the NET IDs to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria.

The central controller advantageously collects billing information regarding the closed user group satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system. The mobile satellite system optionally charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the closed user group arrangement instead of each of the individual users in the NET group thereby consolidating the billing transactions and permitting a single customer to monitor communication charges.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method includes the steps of a non-MET accessing the mobile satellite system via either a public switched telephone network or a cellular network to initiate a closed user group communication with the NET group including at least one of the first and second METs, the central controller broadcasting the message to the NET group informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, and the at least one of the first and second METs tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller to communicate with the non-MET in the closed user group arrangement.

In another embodiment of the invention, the method includes the steps of the first MET selecting the closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith, and the first MET transmitting the NET ID to the central controller. Additionally, the method includes the central controller receiving the NET ID, determining that the NET group includes the non-MET, and broadcasting a non-MET message to either the public switched telephone network or the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith, and either the public switched telephone network or the cellular network receiving the non-MET message from the central controller and transmitting the non-MET message to the non-MET to establish the closed user group arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.

The first MET beneficially includes a push to talk (PTT) device for generating the release of speaker message. The first MET activates the PTT device generating a PTT signal only when the PTT device is activated after the current speaker is vacant, relieving congestion on the satellite by selectively transmitting the PTT signal.

The central controller advantageously selectively downloads monitor codes to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria. The monitor code functions to lock the first and second METs to the NET group preventing the NET group from being released when no request has been made by the first or second METs to be the current speaker after the predetermined period of time.

These together with other objects and advantages which will be subsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully herein described and claimed, with reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of the satellite network system;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating key performance parameters of the satellite used in the satellite network system;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the satellite network system illustrating components and respective interfaces;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a satellite network system illustrating a number of system elements and their interconnecting communications links;

FIG. 5 is a basic block diagram of the NOC and its interfaces;

FIG. 6 is a basic block diagram of the physical architecture of the mobile earth terminal;

FIG. 7 is a basic block diagram of the functions of the mobile earth terminal;

FIG. 8 illustrates the basic concept and elements involved in establishment of communications and control in the Net Radio system;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example of a Net Radio service subscribing organization with several communication nets;

FIGS. 10A-10C are flowcharts of the overall process conducted by the various components in establishment of communications and control in the Net Radio system;

FIG. 11 illustrates the service categories for Net Radio;

FIG. 12 illustrates the additional GC-S messages in each group;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of the format of the NID_SU;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of the content of the NID-SU;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of the format of the NA_SU;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of the content of the NA_SU;

FIG. 17 is an illustration of the format of the NRCHA_SU;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of the content of the NRCHA-SU;

FIG. 19 is an illustration of the MET-ST messages that are of the Network Management Category;

FIG. 20 is an illustration of the format of the MMA_SU;

FIG. 21 is an illustration of the content of the MMA-SU;

FIG. 22 is an illustration of the format of the NRACR_SU;

FIG. 23 is an illustration of the content of the NRACR-SU;

FIG. 24 is an illustration identifying the messages in each call control group;

FIG. 25 is an illustration of the content of the PTT-SU;

FIG. 26 is an illustration identifying MET timing requirements;

FIG. 27 is an illustration identifying MET call monitor codes;

FIG. 28 is an illustration of a MET originated net radio call message flow;

FIG. 29 is an illustration of a MET originated Net Radio call setup event tree;

FIG. 30 is an illustration of a symbol key for use in the various figures including the event tree figures;

FIG. 31 is an illustration of a MET call monitoring event tree;

FIG. 32 is an illustration of a MET call supervision event tree;

FIG. 33 is an illustration of a MET PTT frame structure;

FIGS. 34(a), (b) and (c) are an illustration of a Net Radio call release message flow and frame structure;

FIG. 35 is an illustration of a perceived hangtimer for MET users;

FIG. 36 is an illustration of a MET originated private mode call setup message flow;

FIG. 37 is an illustration of a MET Priority 1 event tree; and

FIG. 38 is a glossary of commonly used acronyms.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention provides point-to-multipoint circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and a central base station. Mobile users are able to listen to two-way conversations and to transmit using a push-to-talk mode of operation.

The MET includes all of the communication and control functions necessary to support communications from a vehicle or fixed remote site using the resources of the satellite network system. FIGS. 6 and 7 are basic block diagrams of the physical architecture and functions of the mobile earth terminal. The basic functional diagram of FIG. 7 is implemented by baseband processing and RF electronics of FIG. 6. A standard voice coder/decoder receives coded messages from the baseband processing and RF electronic system and decodes the message received from the satellite antenna unit for delivery to the interface unit that includes standard user interfaces. Baseband processing and RF electronics receive satellite communications responsive with low noise amplifier (LNA) and output signals for transmission using the diplexer of the antenna unit. Baseband processing and RF electronics also outputs signals for use with beam steering antennas as will be discussed blow. Advantageously, the mobile earth terminal is functional with antennas that are either steerable or nonsteerable.

The functional subsystems comprising the MET are shown in FIG. 7 and include the user interface, transceiver, antenna, logic and signaling, power supply subsystems, and Position Determination subsystem. The baseline MET will have a low gain directional antenna in the antenna subsystem. The satellite network system supports communications with METs using omnidirectional and higher gain directional antennas.

The user interface subsystem provides the user interfaces through which the user has access to the services supported by the satellite network system. Depending on the service(s) the MET will be equipped with one or more of the devices or ports. The transceiver subsystem consists of a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter accepts voice, data, fax and signaling signals and converts them to a modulated RF signal. The transmit RF signal is routed to the antenna subsystem. The transmitter typically consists of the high power amplifier (HPA), the upconverter with its associated frequency synthesizer, the modulators and the modules for voice, Fax, or data encoding, multiplexing, scrambling, FEC encoding, interleaving and frame formatting.

The receiver accepts modulated RF signals from the antenna subsystem and converts them into voice, data, fax or signaling signals as appropriate. The voice, data and fax signals are routed to the user interface subsystem. The receiver typically consists of the downconverter with its associated frequency synthesizer, the demodulator, and the modules for frame de-formatting, de-interleaving, FEC decoding, descrambling, demultiplexing and voice, Fax, or data decoding. The transceiver communicates over one channel in each direction at any one time. Thus, the transceiver subsystem will typically consist of only one receiver and one transmitter. However, the MET may also incorporate a pilot receiver for antennas and frequency tracking purposes, or a complete receiver dedicated to the continuous reception of the signaling channel from the Group Controller.

The antenna subsystem provides the MET interface to the satellite network and is responsible for receiving the RF signal from the satellite and transmitting the RF signal generated by the MET towards the satellite. The subsystem typically includes an antenna which may be either directional or omnidirectional, a diplexer, a low noise amplifier (LNA), an optional beam steering unit (BSU) if a directional antenna is used, a device such as a compass or an inertial sensor for the determination of the orientation of the vehicle, and an antenna for the position determination receiver.

The logic and signaling subsystem acts as the central controller for the MET. Its basic functions are to initialize the MET by performing a self test at power up and control, based on a resident system table, the acquisition of one of the METs assigned outbound signaling channels from which updated system information and commands and messages from the GC are derived. The logic and signaling subsystem sets up and configures the transceiver for the reception and transmission of voice, data, fax or signaling messages as appropriate. The logic and signaling subsystem also handles the protocols between the MET and the FES and between the MET the GC via signaling messages, and checks the validity of the received signaling messages (Cyclic Redundance Check (CRC)) and generates the CRC codes for the signaling message transmitted by the MET.

The logic and signaling subsystem also interprets the commands received from the local user via the user interface subsystem (e.g. on/off hook, dialled numbers, etc.) and take the appropriate actions needed, and generates, or commands the generation, of control signals, messages and indications to the user through the user interface subsystem. The logic signaling system also controls the beam steering unit (if any) in the antenna subsystem, and monitors and tests all the other subsystems. In case of fault detection, it informs the user about the failure and take the appropriate measures needed to prevent harmful interference to the satellite network or other systems.

The power supply subsystem provides power to all other subsystems. The external voltage source to which this subsystem interfaces depends on the type of vehicle on which the MET is mounted (e.g. 12/24 Volts DC for land vehicles).

A standard receiver such as a GPS or a Loran-C receiver is also provided for the determination of the position of the vehicle. This information is used by the logic and signaling subsystem for beam steering (if used) or for applications such as position reporting. The position determination system is implemented externally to the MET and interfaced through a dedicated data port in the user interface subsystem.

The function of the Remote Monitor System is to continuously monitor the activity on each GC-S channel and to monitor the activity within the downlink L-band spectrum in the beam in which it is located. An RMS will be located in every beam carrying satellite network traffic. An RMS may be a stand alone station or collocated with the NCC or an FES. The RMS is controlled by the NOC and communicates via leased lines or the interstation signaling channels if collocated with an FES. The RMS detects anomalous conditions such as loss of signal, loss of frame sync, excessive BER, etc. on the GC-S channels and generates alarm reports which are transmitted to the NOC via the leased line interface. In addition, it monitors BER on any channel and power and frequency in any band as instructed by the NOC.

The primary functions of the System Test Stations (STS) is to provide commission testing capability for every channel unit in a FES and to provide readiness testing for the Off-Line NCC. The STS is collocated with and controlled by the NOC and will comprise one or more specifically instrumented METs. The STS provides a PSTN dial-up port for making terrestrial connections to FESs to perform MET to terrestrial end-to-end testing. The STS also provides a LAN interconnection to the NOC to provide access to operator consoles and peripheral equipment.

Advantageously, the MET combines three different features for the delivery and transmission of voice and data. These three features include: the ability to initiate and transmit a data call, the ability to initiate and transmit a facsimile digital call, and the ability to roam between satellite and terrestrial based wireless communication systems. The following documents, representing applicable transmission protocols, are hereby incorporated by reference: EIA/IS-41B Cellular Radio Telecommunications Inter-System Operations; EIA/TIA-553-1989 “Cellular System Mobile Station—Land Station Compatibility Standard”; EIA/TIA-557; EIA/IS-54B. A more detailed description of the MET is also provided in U.S. provisional patent application serial No. 60/002,374 filed on Aug. 15, 1995 to Ward et al., entitled “Improved Mobile Earth Terminal” incorporated herein by reference.

Some MSS system users have voice communication requirements that are not met by MTS and Mobile Radio Service (MRS). They need to communicate in a Closed User Group (CUG) arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying. Each member of the group can also talk when needed. The system behaves like a radio multi-party line. Public services and law enforcement agencies are typical users of this service, which is normally provided by either traditional terrestrial radio networks or by the more recent trunked radio systems. These trunked systems, generally in the 800-900 MHz band, provide groups of end users with virtual private systems by assigning frequencies to CUGs on a demand basis. The Net Radio service is meant to be the satellite equivalent of terrestrial trunked systems (“trunking” for short), and could be pictured as a “Satellite Trunked Radio Service”, or “Satellite Trunking”.

The Net Radio service provides the capability described in the previous paragraph in a cost effective manner:

-   -   as one shared satellite demand period circuit per CUG is         utilized rather than one circuit per mobile user, the cost per         minute of a group conversation would be much less expensive to         the owner of the group, and     -   as the call set-up time for one shared circuit per CUG compared         to an MRS multi-user conference set-up time is likely to be more         acceptable to a group end user/operator, who normally expects to         be able to talk as soon as the handset/microphone is taken         off-hook.

An overview of the MSS system with Net Radio service is illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 illustrates the basic concept and elements involved in establishment of communications and control in the Net Radio system. METs access the system via one or more L-band beams. Each beam contains one or more signaling channels for network control and call establishment and a number of communications channels for provision of Net Radio services to METs.

The L-band frequencies are translated to Ku-band frequencies by the satellite 12. The Network Control Center 14 is responsible for the real time allocation of channels to support Net Radio calls. The base Feederlink Earth Station 16 is responsible for re-transmission on the outbound channel of the MET transmissions received on the inbound channel, control of the Net Radio call, and interfacing the Net Radio call to terrestrial private networks.

Net Radio service is available to CUGs on subscription to MSS. A subscribing organization may comprise a number of METs grouped by their communication needs. A virtual private communication net is established for each of these groups or subgroups.

The base FES 16 can interconnect the Net Radio call to terrestrial private networks so that a dispatcher located within the private network can participate in the conversation. A Dispatch facility may be directly connected to the base FES 16, or may use leased PSTN or dial-up access, or may use a Mobile Radio Service (MRSA) circuit. An example of a Net Radio service subscribing organization with several communication nets is depicted in FIG. 9.

The Net Radio MET operates in CUG and receives voice transmissions from all other MET users in the same CUG, and the base FES. The MET supports Net Radio service on a single demand period circuit per beam, which is shared by the entire CUG. The MET requiring communications will be given the Net ID for the net and since different nets may be necessary for different purposes, the MET may be given a number of different NET IDs. NET IDs may represent organizational groups such as fleets or sub-fleets. NET IDs may represent functional groups such as a command unit which draws on mobile users from more than one fleet or sub-fleet. NET IDs may represent geographic configurations such as an east or west area, or both.

A mobile user requests a channel on a Push-To-Talk (PTT) basis. The MET receives an assignment of demand period satellite resources consisting of an outbound channel frequency and an inbound channel frequency relevant to the particular NET ID (per defined CUG beam). The mobile user is alerted by a tone when the channel is available and the base FES manages the contention on the communications channel. Since the base FES retransmits the signal received from the mobile, the MET operates in a half duplex PTT mode, turning off the speaker while the microphone is engaged. When the user releases the PTT, the MET ceases transmission. On receipt of a release message from the base FES, the MET retunes to the signaling channel.

FIGS. 10A-10C are flowcharts of the overall process conducted by the various components in establishment of communications and control in the Net Radio system. In FIGS. 10A-10C, a mobile earth terminal registers in step S2 and the user of the mobile earth terminal selects a particular net to establish voice communication therewith in step S4. The user then activates the push-to-talk (PTT) button of the MET in step S5.

In step S6, the MET sends the net number to the communication ground segment. The communications ground segment receives the net number, checks the message for transmission errors, validates the specific MET user and also validates the requested net group in step S8. The communications ground segment allocates a specific frequency for the net group and broadcasts the message to the net group informing the net group of the allocated frequency in step S10.

The group controller in the communications ground segment will also send the net frequency to the feeder link earth station in step S12. In step S14, the METs that are idle, powered and logically consistent with respect to monitor codes and lock discussed below, will tune to the net frequency indicated by the communication ground segment. Channel assignment is thereupon completed and no further validation for the net group is performed in step S16. A scrambling vector is next used to permit additional METs to join the selected net group in step S18. All METs are assumed to have joined the net group in step S20. CGS will continue to broadcast NET group activation information at predetermined time intervals while the NET group is active.

The MET user which initiates the Net Radio call is considered to be the current speaker in step S22 permitting the initiator to communicate with the various MET users that have joined the net group. The MET monitors whether a dispatcher message has been received in step S24, and if so the current speaker is set to the dispatcher, and the communication is broadcast to all METs in the NET group in step S26. The MET also monitors receipt of the priority message in step S28, and if a priority message is received, sets the current speaker to the identifier of the priority MET, and the communication is broadcast to all METs in the NET group in step S29.

If no dispatcher message or priority message is received, the MET also monitors whether the current speaker is active in step S30. If speaker is active for the requisite period of time, the MET also determines whether the push-to-talk button has been released in step S32. If either the speaker is inactive for greater than a predetermined threshold period of time as determined in S30 or the push-to-talk button has been released as determined in step S32, the current speaker is removed by the communications ground segment in step S34, and the current speaker is set to vacant in step S36. The communication ground segment will then notify the METs in the net group that the speaker is vacant in step S38.

The METs will then be permitted to initiate a request to be the next current speaker. Upon receipt of the first valid request from a MET to be the next speaker in step S40, the communications ground segment will assign the new speaker to that particular MET in step S42. If, however, no request from a MET is made to be the next speaker, the communications ground segment will determine whether or not the hang timer has expired in step S44. If the hang timer has expired, the communications ground segment will release the call to the METs of the net group in step S46. The feeder link earth station will also initiate a call release to the ground controller in step S48 and the ground controller will release the frequency channel which was being used for the net group in step S50.

The MET supports the service categories for Net Radio listed in FIG. 11. MSS will support addressing methods that permit private communications between a mobile end-user and groups or sub-groups of end users, or an individual, where the individual is part of the same group. NET IDs are utilized, where a NET ID can represent either a group, sub-group or individual. MSS supports addressing methods that permit a mobile end user to engage in a private conversation with another mobile where the called mobile is part of the same virtual network as the calling mobile.

It should be noted that even on private mobile to mobile calls the PTT has to be used, as the two mobile units share the same satellite circuit. This is the main difference between MRS and Net Radio for mobile to mobile calls. The MET monitors the NET Radio Channel Assignment SUs (NRCHA_SU)s on the GC-S channel for those containing any of its stored NET IDs and, if not engaged in a Priority call or set-up procedure, responds to assignments in accordance with the current setting of the call monitoring.

The MET provides a User ID display for the purpose of displaying the NET ID the MET is currently tuned to, and the MET DN of the current speaker. The MET optionally displays an alpha-numeric display or user programmable label associated with a NET ID. When suitably equipped with a second receiver capable of continuously receiving the GC-S channel, the MET provides the user with notification of incoming calls, which the user may accept or reject.

This section provides the formats of several SUs used by the MET that are additional for Net Radio service. A separate section is generally provided for each channel type (GC-S, MET-SR, FES-C, MET-C).

GC-S Messages

The SUs transmitted on the GC-S signaling channel that are additional for Net Radio shall conform to the content and format specified in this section. The messages are required for Network Management and Call Control. FIG. 12 identifies the additional GC-S messages in each group.

1. The NID_SU is transmitted by the NCC to a MET on the GC-S channel. The NID_SU is used to download a NET ID assignment to a MET subscribing to Net Radio Service.

2. The NID_SU has the format illustrated in FIG. 13. The content of the NID-SU conforms to FIG. 14.

NET ID Attribute (NA)

The NA message is used to allocate and de-allocate NET IDs assigned to a MET, to change a METs Directory Number (DN), or to change the user defined characteristics of a NET ID assigned to a MET. The NA_SU has the format illustrated in FIG. 15. The content of the NA-SU conforms to FIG. 16.

Net Radio Channel Assignment (NRCHA)

The NRCHA message is used by the GC to broadcast the channel assignments to the METs for a Net Radio call. The SU is broadcast on all GC-S channels defined for the NET ID. The NRCHA_SU has the format illustrated in FIG. 17. The content of the NRCHA_SU conforms to FIG. 18. This message is rebroadcast on the GC-S channel every predetermined time interval (e.g., every 10 seconds) for the duration of activity of the NET communication.

MET-SR and MET-ST Messages

The SUs transmitted on the MET-SR and MET-ST signaling channel that are additional for Net Radio conform to the content and format specified in this section. The MET-SR messages are of the Call Control category. The MET-ST messages are of the Network Management Category. FIG. 19 identifies the messages.

MET Management Acknowledge (MMA)

The MMA_SU is used by METs to acknowledge NID and NA messages received from the GC. The MMA_SU has the format illustrated in FIG. 20. The content of the MMA_SU conforms to FIG. 21.

Net Radio Access Request (NRACR)

The NRACR_SU shall be used by METs to initiate Net Radio calls. The SU message has the format illustrated in FIG. 22. The content of the NRACR_SU conforms to FIG. 23.

FES-C Messages

The SUs transmitted on the FES-C signaling channel that are additional for Net Radio conform to the content and format specified in this section. The messages are of the Call Control category. FIG. 24 identifies the messages in each group.

Net Radio Call Release (NRCR)

The NRCR_SU shall be used to broadcast the NET ID to the METs during a Net Radio call and to indicate to the METs that the channel assignment for the Net Radio call is about to be released. The NRCR_SU has similar format and content as described above.

MET-C Messages

The SUs transmitted on the MET-C signaling channel that are additional for Net Radio conform to the content and format specified in this section. The messages are of the Call Control category.

Push-To-Talk (PTT)

The PTT_SU is used to request access to the inbound channel for a Net Radio call. The PTT_SU has the content conformed to FIG. 25. The Response SU shall be used by the MET to respond to FES-C Command SUs received on the FES-C channel. The Response SU shall have the same format and contents as specified for the FES-C Command SU. The Reserved field is reserved for future user defined requirements. The MET timing requirements for Net Radio service are illustrated in FIG. 26.

Push-to-Talk Operation

In the NET Radio service the operation of the PTT resembles terrestrial trunked radio systems. A PTT microphone/handset or the like is needed for Net Radio. Depressing the PTT, switch when the-current NET is unassigned shall result in the transmission of a NRACR_SU with the intent of requesting the assignment of a channel to the selected NET ID, subject to the availability of resources. Depressing the PTT switch while the selected NET ID is active and the speaker ID is vacant shall result in the transmission of a PTT_SU request on the communications channel followed by the transmission of voice frames in accordance with the standard MET call supervision procedures. If the MET has not selected a NET ID and the MET is not active in a NET Radio Call, then the MET ignores the PTT request.

Depressing of the PTT results in transmission of a PTT_SU only if the PTT is pressed after the speaker ID is equal to the vacant code or the METs DN. This will relieve congestion on the MET-C channel by adding a natural delay. If the MET user depresses the PTT before the speaker ID is vacant or matches the METs DN, the MET ignores the request.

Priority 1 service is granted to a MET, not based on the PTT, but only by activation of the Priority 1 Button. Activation of the Priority 1 Button shall result in a Priority 1 call. The user is given immediate access to the channel and retains it until he releases his PTT, is preempted by another Priority request generated by another MET user, or is preempted by a dispatcher PTT. If he wishes to make another Priority 1 transmission it shall be necessary to repeat the procedure.

The re-transmitted signal appears to the MET user as a delayed echo where the delay time is the double satellite link transmission delay time. For this reason, the speaker is disabled while the user is talking. The MET operates in half duplex from the user's viewpoint, but operates in full duplex over the satellite channels.

MSS Network Management assigns each communication net a Net Radio Identification (NET ID) number when the subscribing organization defines the net. A MET is also assigned a number of NET IDs to use. The MET stores in non-volatile RAM a GSI code for Net Radio service. The MET uses this GSI in selecting a GC-S channel while providing Net Radio service. The MET also stores a directory number (DN) with a maximum of 4 digits. The MET DN is downloaded to the MET at the completion of the commissioning process. If the MET receives an NA_SU with operator field equal to 3, the MET stores the specified DN as its new DN.

The MSS Network Management assigns a unique 16 bit access security code to each NET ID defined. The MET uses the NET access security code (NET ID ASK) to determine a standard scrambling vector used to initialize the channel unit scrambler for transmit and receive Net Radio calls. The MET determines the scrambling vector using as input:

-   -   the NET ID Access Security Key (ASK)     -   the transmit Frequency Assignment     -   the Receive Frequency Assignment.

A Net Radio subscriber can customize the organization of communications nets. User defined NET ID attributes, a NET ID Tag number, and a Monitor code, are associated with the NET ID for this purpose. The Tag number is used to designate a selector position, or memory location to “tag” the NET ID to. When the MET operator sets the selector switch to a position, the MET uses the NET ID with the Tag number that corresponds to the selector position. This permits a CUG to setup all METs with the same selection positions for emergency nets for example.

The monitor codes are identified in FIG. 27 and are used to control which channel assignments the MET responds to. During a lull in the conversation where the hangtimer has expired (described below), the MET receives a channel assignment to a NET ID other than the one that was just tuned to. If the MET tunes to the new net, the operator may miss the next conversation on the previous net. At the same time, the monitor code permits the organization to setup nets which can reach entire fleets, or emergency teams even though all member METs have not selected that NET ID. In this case a monitor code for a required response is associated with the NET ID.

A Net Management System (NMS) permits a Net Radio subscribing organization to customize their communication nets by assigning NET IDs to METs, changing NET ID assignments, or modifying the user defined attributes of a NET ID assigned to a MET. These changes are made by contacting or interfacing with customer billing support system/personnel. The NMS enters the changes in the NOC customer configuration database. The NOC disseminates this information to the NCC, which downloads the changes to the MET “over the air” from the GC-S channel.

The MET uses acknowledged MGSP message pairs for Net Radio MET management. Upon receipt of a NID SU addressed to it, the MET de-encrypts the NET ID NRASK using the METs ASK and RTIN, and stores that NET ID and the NRASK associated with the NET ID in non-volatile memory. The MET then sends the MMA SU to the GC. The MET stores multiple NET IDs, and an ASK is stored with each NET ID.

Upon receipt of the NET ID Attribute SU, the MET performs operations indicated in the SU. The MET sends the MMA SU to the GC. The MET examines the Tag number contained in the NET ID Attribute SU (NA_SU) and, provided the Operator field equals a predetermined number, uses this number to determine the Tag position of the NET ID Selector switch to associate with that particular NET ID. For example, for a Tag number of zero the MET stores the NET ID in Tag location 00, which is reserved for Private Mode. If the Operator field in the NA_SU equals a predetermined number, for example 1, the MET erases the specified NET ID from memory.

The MET supports the following responses to the Monitor codes contained in the NA_SU. The MET provides a means for the user to select one of the NET IDs and “lock-on” to it. When so selected, the MET does not respond to the NET ID assignments with monitor code 00 or 01, but responds to assignments with 11 code.

The sequence of information exchanged between the MET, GC, and FES is for the purpose of demand period circuit assignment for Net Radio service, Private Mode service, Priority 1 service and Broadcast service calls. A call is described in five parts; channel assignment, call establishment, call monitoring, call supervision and call release. Channel assignment includes the network access procedures. Call establishment includes the procedures followed by the FES and the MET to initiate a Net Radio call. Call monitoring includes the procedures performed by the MET during a call. Call supervision includes procedures, performed by the FES, which provide contention resolution for MET access to the inbound channel. Call release includes those procedures used by the FES to terminate a call and release the demand period circuits.

METs place and accept voice calls to/from members of the closed user group and a private network connected at a base FES. The GC controls access to the satellite resources. The base FES provides the Net Radio function of re-transmitting the mobile transmissions so that all member METs participating in the call can hear both sides of the conversation. The FES provides access to the private network.

MET originated Net Radio calls are established using the sequence of messages shown in FIG. 28. The protocol employed is as specified in the event tree in FIG. 29. Upon receiving a NRACR-SU, the GC verifies, based on the requesting MET RTIN that:

the MET is an operational Net Radio user;

the MET is authorized to originate a Net Radio call

using the NET ID included in the NRACR_SU;

the required satellite capacity is available;

the call type in the NET ID data base file is for Net Radio service.

The GC verifies that the MET which requested the Net Radio call is in a beam included for the NET ID. If for any reason the call cannot be completed the GC sends a Call Failure SU using MGSP to the mobile terminal with the cause of failure indicated in the cause indication parameter.

Once the GC determines that the call can be completed it will select frequency assignments for a FES-C communication channel and a MET-C communication channel and format a NRCHA SU with the NET ID for the call, and the call type set to Net Radio service. The FES begins transmitting Net Radio SUs (NR_SU) using the In-band signaling mode. The NET ID and requesting MET Directory Number are included in the NR_SU. The FES starts the Lost Speaker timeout (Nominally, for example, 3.5 secs). The FES also connects the Net Radio call to a dispatcher, as appropriate.

Upon reception of the NRCHA_SU on the GC-S channel, the MET stops timer T_(M) 24 and checks the call type. For Net Radio service call types, the MET tests the NET ID to determine what action to take. If the NET ID received matches one of the NET IDs assigned to the MET and if one of the following conditions is true, the MET accepts the Net Radio channel assignment and tunes to the assigned frequencies. If the NET ID does not match any NET ID assigned to the MET, or if none of the following case is true, then the MET ignores the NRCHA_SU and remains tuned to the GC-S channel.

Case 1: The Monitor code for the NET ID indicates a mandatory response.

Case 2: The Monitor code for the NET ID indicates a conditional response and the condition criteria permit the MET to respond to the assignment.

If the MET accepts the Net Radio channel assignment, then it alerts the user to the Net Radio call with appropriate audio and/or visual displays. The MET then starts timer T_(M) 1. (Nominally, for example, 10 seconds). If timer T_(M) 24 expires, or a call failure is received, the MET indicates call failure to the user. Upon acquisition of the FES-C channel, the MET stops timer T_(M) 1 and decodes the NR_SU using the scrambling vector determined from the Access Security Key. If the MET has a Net Radio call request outstanding, it verifies the NET ID and confirms that its user's Directory Number matches the Speaker ID. If there is no outstanding request, the MET only verifies the NET ID.

The MET tests the Speaker ID and if it matches its DN, it generates an audio and/or visual alert to the user and enable transmission. If T_(M) 1 expires or the NET ID received on the communications channel does not match the assigned NET ID, the MET indicates call failure to the user and retunes to the GC-S channel.

MET Call Monitoring Procedure

MET Call Monitoring defines the procedures followed by a MET while assigned to a Net radio call. The MET monitors the FES-C channel and operates timers on loss of the carrier. The procedures determine when to permit PTT requests, disable transmission, or re-tune to the GC-S channel. After accepting a NRCHA_SU and tuning to the assigned frequencies for a net radio call, a MET follows the call monitoring procedures specified herein and as shown in FIG. 31.

Upon accepting the NRCHA_SU the MET starts timers T_(M) 20, the Lost FES-C channel timeout (Nominally, for example, 10 secs), and T_(M) 22, the Transmit Inhibit timeout (1 superframe). The MET monitors the FES-C channel and generally only enables transmission if all the following conditions are true:

the MET is in receipt of the FES-C channel, indicated when timers T_(M) 20, and T_(M) 22 are not expired;

the MET is a member of the NET ID;

the Speaker ID is the vacant ID or is equal to the MET user's DN;

the user initiates PTT signaling. The transmitting MET continues transmitting provided all of the following conditions are true:

the MET is in receipt of the FES-C channel, indicated when timers T_(M) 20, and T_(M) 21 are not expired. (T_(M) 21 is defined in MET Call Supervision Procedure below);

the current speaker as saved by the MET (see below) matches the MET's DN; and

the PTT remains active.

The MET tests for a valid subframe at each FES-C subframe interval. When the MET receives a valid subframe, the MET restarts timers T_(M)°and T_(M) 22. A valid subframe is a voice subframe or a subframe having a message type recognized by the MET as a Net Radio message type and no errors are detected in the packet. If the subframe received is a voice frame, or a NR_SU where the Speaker ID matches the MET's DN, (i.e. the MET is confirmed as the “speaker”), the MET restarts timer T_(M) 21, “loss of speaker status timeout”.

If the subframe received is a NR_SU, the MET tests the NET ID. If the NET ID is not valid for the MET, the MET shall retune to the GC-S channel. If the NET ID is valid, the MET saves the Speaker ID as the current speaker. If the Speaker ID matches the MET's DN, the MET confirms, or maintains it's status as the “speaker”. If the Speaker ID does not match the MET's DN, the MET ceases transmitting, if it was transmitting, and negates it's status as the speaker.

If the subframe received is a Net Radio Call Release (NRCR) SU, the MET ceases transmitting and retunes to the GC-S channel. On expiration of timer T_(M) 22, the MET checks its speaker status. If the MET has the speaker status it ignores the timeout and continues transmitting. If the MET's speaker status is negated, it inhibits further PTT requests until all of the conditions listed above to enable transmission are satisfied.

On expiration of timer T_(M) 21, the MET stops transmitting, and negates or clears it's status as the current speaker. The MET indicates to the user that transmission has ceased. The MET remains on the assigned Net Radio channel. On expiration of timer T_(M) 20, the MET retunes to the GC-S channel.

MET Call Supervision Procedure

MET call supervision defines the procedures followed by a MET when the PTT button is pressed or released. The procedures, together with the FES Net Radio procedures provide contention resolution of the inbound channel. The MET accesses the MET-C channel for transmission when the PTT is activated by the user in accordance with the MET call monitoring specified above and the call supervision specified herein, and by the event tree given in FIG. 32.

To access the MET-C channel, the MET transmits a PTT_SU using the In-band signaling mode for one frame as shown in FIG. 33 until an NR_SU is received with the Speaker ID not equal to the vacant code. The PTT_SU includes the MET user's DN and the NET ID. The MET then switches to voice mode and starts timer T_(M) 23, the contention window timer (Nominally, for example, 1 second).

The MET continues transmitting on the MET-C channel and monitoring the FES-C channel. On detection of In-band signaling subframes with NR_SUs, the MET tests the Speaker ID. If it matches the MET's DN, the MET saves the Speaker ID as the current speaker. The MET is then confirmed as the speaker. If the Speaker ID does not match the MET's DN, the MET ceases transmitting. The MET saves the Speaker ID as the current speaker. The MET negates or clears its speaker status.

If the MET detects voice mode subframes an the FES-C channel instead of In-band signaling subframes, it assumes that these voice frames are either its own, or the dispatcher's and that the Speaker's ID SU was missed. In this case the MET continues transmitting. An NR-SU is sent to the MET in the next superframe. If an NR_SU with the MET's DN as speaker ID is not received before the expiration of T_(M) 23, the MET ceases transmitting. The MET then negates its speaker status.

When the MET is confirmed as the speaker, the MET starts timer T_(M) 21, the Lost Speaker Status timeout (Nominally, for example, 3.5 secs). In addition the MET disables passing voice output to either the extended speaker or the handset speaker. The MET continuously transmits while the PTT button is active and conditions specified in the MET call monitoring procedures are met.

When the user releases the PTT button and the MET has been transmitting, the MET finishes transmitting any voice subframes remaining in the buffer, and then switches to In-Band signaling mode as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34. The MET transmits one frame using the In-band Signaling mode consisting of PTT_SUs. The PTT_SU identifies the MET user's DN and the NET ID and the PTT Release Code. The MET then ceases transmitting, but remains tuned to the net radio frequencies, and continues to monitor the FES-C channel for the NET ID in accordance with the MET call monitoring procedures. After the user releases the push to talk, the MET waits for a time equal to or greater than the delay time before enabling the loudspeaker again.

Call Release

Upon receiving the Net Radio Call Release SU, the MET tuned to the FES-C channel retunes to the GC-S channel and deactivates the Net Radio call indicator to the user. The FES operates a hangtimer. When no activity has occurred for the hangtime duration, the FES releases the call. The hangtimer, perceived by a MET user is shown in FIG. 35.

Private Mode Service Call Procedures

The Network Control System procedures for MET originated Private Mode Service calls allow mobile CUG members to originate a call using a Net Radio channel configuration for the purpose of private communications with another member of the CUG. More than one NRC may be configured at a FES using the same NET ID. This permits more than one Private Mode call to be in progress at the same time.

Channel Assignment

MET originated Private Mode service calls are established using the sequence of messages shown in FIG. 36. The protocol employed is as specified for Net Radio service in the event tree given in FIG. 29. On selection of Private Mode service, and on receipt of dialed digits, a MET, suitably equipped for Private Mode service formats and sends a Net Radio Access Request SU using MGSP on the MET-SR channel. The NRACR_SU includes the NET ID private mode with the called DN. If no NET ID with a NET ID Tag number of ‘00 hex’ has been assigned to the MET, the MET indicates call failure to the operator.

Upon receipt of the NRACR_SU the GC performs all the verifications as specified for MET originated Net Radio service calls. Once the GC determines that the call can be completed it selects the frequency assignments required for the NET ID and formats a NRCHA_SU with the call type field set for Private Mode and the MET FTIN number of the calling MET in place of the NET ID. The GC sends the assignment SU three times as for Net Radio service on the GC-S channel.

The GC formats a second Private Mode call type NRCHA_SU using the called MET FTIN number in place of the NET ID. The GC sends this assignment SU three times as for Net Radio service on the GC-S channels required for the NET ID. In the event there are no NRC's available to handle the call, the GC sends a Call Failure Message with no resources as the cause indication to the requesting MET. Upon receipt of the NRCHA_SU with the Private Mode call type, a MET compares it's FTIN with the FTIN in the NUCHA_SU. If the numbers match, the MET tunes to the assigned frequencies. The MET then proceeds as for Net Radio service calls.

Call Establishment, Call Monitoring, Call Supervision and Call Release

The MET uses the call establishment, call monitoring, call supervision and call release procedures as specified for Net Radio service calls.

Priority 1 Service Call Procedures

The MET shall follow the Priority 1 procedures as specified in this section and as shown by the event tree given in FIG. 37. The MET supports a Priority One mode of operation called the normal mode.

Priority One Normal Operation

When the MET user initiates Priority 1 service, the MET takes one of three actions based on the state of the MET at the time. The three states are:

Case 1: Net radio call is not in progress.

Case 2: Net Radio call in progress and the current Speaker ID is equal to the vacant code.

Case 3: Net Radio call in progress and the current Speaker ID is not the vacant code.

Case 1

In the case where the Net Radio call is not in progress, the MET originates a Net Radio Call. The MET appends the Priority 1 code to the Net ID in the Net Radio Access Request SU. The NET ID used is either NET selected, or if no NET ID is selected, a NET ID selected by the MET user. The MET proceeds with call establishment, call monitoring, call supervision, and call release as for MET originated Net Radio service.

Case 2

In the case where the Net Radio call is in progress and the speaker ID is vacant, the MET follows call supervision procedures. The MET appends the Priority 1 code to the NET ID. The MET can optionally use the procedure described in Case 3 below for response to Case 2.

Case 3

In the case where the Net Radio call is in progress and the speaker ID is not the vacant code, the MET tunes to the GC-S channel and sends a NRACR_SU with the Priority 1 code appended to the Net ID as for Case 1.

Although a number of arrangements of the invention have been mentioned by way of example, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereto. Accordingly, the invention should be considered to include any and all configuration, modifications, variations, combinations or equivalent arrangements falling within the scope of the following claims.

DICTIONARY ITEMS AND DEFINITIONS

-   Actual GSI -   Definition: Current GSI based on TDM changes during MET operation.     This field is populated by the NOC based on actions on the CGS. The     CMIS cannot create or update this field. -   Call Barring Inbound/Outbound Flag -   Definition: Describes the call barring entry as applying to incoming     or outgoing calls. If the Call Barring List is flagged as Inbound,     it applies to calls the MET is receiving. If the Call Barring List     is flagged as Outbound, it applies to calls the MET is making. -   Call Barring Include/Exclude Flag -   Definition: Describes the call barring entry as an included (legal)     call or an excluded (illegal) call. When a Call Barring List is     flagged as Include, the MET may only make calls to the numbers or     NPAs on the list. Any other call would be denied. Conversely, if a     Call Barring List is flagged as Exclude, the MET may make calls to     any number or NPA except those on the list. -   Call Barring List Value -   Definition: Numbering plan area or phone number in the call barring     list. The values that appear in the list are the phone numbers or     NPAs that the MET's restriction apply to. The types of restrictions     are dictated by the flags for Include/Exclude and Inbound/Outbound     Call Barring. -   Call Trap Flag -   Definition: Indicates call trapping has been initiated for the MET.     The GC will trap MET states as they change during MET CGS activity.     This information will be provided to the CMIS on a call record. -   Call Type -   Definition: Service available on the MET. There are four service     types: voice data (2400 or 4800 baud), fax, and alternate voice data     (avd). For each service the mobile is registered, a service record     is created with a single call type indicated. This call type in turn     has a unique mobile identification number (min) associated with it. -   Carrier -   Definition: Name of preferred IXC carrier. This field is a switch     field used to support equal access to long distance carriers. -   Cellular ESN -   Definition: 32 bit ESN that is used by the switch. For dual mode     cellular/satellite phones it is the ESN for the cellular portion of     the phone and would match the ESN used by the home cellular carrier     to identify that mobile terminal. -   CGS Time Stamp -   Definition: Time stamp was created/modified. Part of the     notification of success or failure of CGS action. Not created or     updated by CMIS. -   Channel Spacing -   Definition: Multiple of frequency step size. This element is a     characteristic of the MET Class. CMIS will only have the MET Class     ID that a particular METs equipment maps to. NE originates this and     other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC. -   Check String -   Definition: Constant used by the GC to validate the     encryption/decryption algorithm. This element is related to the ASK. -   Commanded GSI -   Definition: Set by CMIS this is the original GSI stored as a NVRAM     (non-volatile RAM) parameter by the MET. Required for each new MET     registered for service. This element is used by the MET to tune to a     GC-S channel during commissioning on the CGS. Without the GSI the     MET is incapable of logging on to the CGS. -   Configuration File -   Definition: A file containing the contents of a working     configuration that has been saved to disk under a unique name. -   Current Configuration -   Definition: The set of resources that exist in the configuration     most recently sent to or received from the NOC. This is assumed to     be the actual configuration of the traffic bearing network at any     given time. -   Commit a Resource -   Definition: Explicit engineer action to add a fully provisioned     interim resource to the working configuration. -   Control Group ID -   Definition: The CGS is divided into Control Groups that contain     circuit pools, signaling channels, bulletin boards, METs, and VNs. A     MET may only belong to one Control Group. The control Group     assignment is based on the virtual network membership. All VNs a MET     is a member of must be in the same control group. -   Cust Group -   Definition: Identifier for a specialized routing information used at     the switch (e.g., 1024 available cust groups per MSR). Dialing plans     will be implemented for groups of customers through a Customer Group     (Cust Group). -   Data Hub Id -   Definition: Used to route messages during PSTN to IVDM call setup to     the proper data hub. This is only applicable for METs that are     participating in the Mobile Packet Data Service. -   Date Last Tested -   Definition: Time stamp of most recent commissioning test.

This field is populated by the NOC and cannot be created or updated by CMIS.

-   Default VN -   Definition: VN selected if user does not specify VN during dialing.     For METs that belong to only one VN, this can be populated with the     VN ID the MET is assigned to by default. -   EIRP -   Definition: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power—power level required     for a MET to receive a satellite signal. This element is a     characteristic of the MET Class. CMIS will only have the MET Class     ID that a particular METs equipment maps to. NE/SE originates this     and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC. -   Event Argument Id -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Event Argument Type -   Definition: Part of the event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Event Argument Value -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Event Argument VMS Type -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Event Code -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Event Severity -   Definition: Network impact assessment of the trouble event. -   Event Time -   Definition: Time the event occurred within the network. -   Event Type -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   External Date Time Stamp -   Definition: CMIS generated time stamp used for CMIS audit purposes     in exchanging messages with the CGS. -   External Transaction Id -   Definition: CMIS generated transaction id used for CMIS audit     purposes in exchanging messages with the CGS. -   Feature Set -   Definition: Identifies MET features within a specific VN. Fixed     features are set up during order processing and require no action by     the MET user to invoke a feature. MET activated features must also     be set up during order processing but will only be available through     some action on the part of the MET use during call process. -   FIXED FEATURES include:     -   Calling Line Id Presentation (CLIP)—display the calling party's         number to a MET.     -   Calling Line Id Restriction (CLIR)—prohibition from displaying         the METs number when it is calling another party.     -   Connected Line Id Presentation (COLP)—display the number the         calling MET is connected to.     -   Connected Line Id Restriction (COLR)—prohibit display of the         connected MET's number to the calling party.     -   Sub-addressing (SA)—allows one or more attachments to the MET to         be addressed. This is being accomplished through unique phone         numbers for service types requiring different equipment.     -   Call Waiting (CW)—notification to a MET engaged in the call that         another call is waiting. MET may accept the other call or ignore         it.     -   Call Barring (CB)—restricts the MET user's from making or         receiving one or more types of calls.     -   Operator intervention (OI)—allows an operator to break into a         call in progress for the MET.     -   Operator Assistance (OA)—allows the MET to access an MSAT         operator to receive assistance     -   Call Priority (CP)—used in conjunction with the system's call         queuing function (trunk access priority) presence of this         feature gives a MET access to channels at times of congestion         ahead of MET's with lower priority. Priority applies only to MET         initiated calls. -   MET ACTIVATED (dynamic) FEATURES include:     -   Call Transfer (CT)—allows sa MET user to transfer an established         call to a third party.     -   Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)—permits a MET to have all         calls forwarded to another MET or PSTN number.     -   Call Forwarding Busy (CFB)—permits a MET to have all incoming         calls attempted when the MET is busy to another MET or PSTN         number.     -   Call Forward Congestion (CFC)—permits the MET to have all         incoming calls attempted when the signaling channels are         congested answered with a recorded announcement intercept.     -   Call Forward No Reply (CFN)—permits a MET to have all incoming         calls attempted when the MET is not answering to another MET or         PSTN number. This applies if the MET is blocked, turned off or         not answering.     -   Call Holding (CH)—allows a MET to interrupt call communication         on an existing connection and then re-establish communications.     -   Alternate Voice Data Operation (AVD)—allows a MET user to toggle         between voice and data mode during a call. Requires that the         call be initiated in voice mode. Only the MET user may toggle         between voice and data. This requires a special service type in         addition to the activation at set-up of the feature.     -   Conference calling (CC)—allows a MET to communicate with         multiple-parties including METs and PSTN concurrently.     -   Three Party Service (3PS)—allows a MET to who is active on a         call to hold that call, make an additional call to a third         party, switch from one call to the other (privacy being provided         between the calls) and/or release one call and return to the         other.     -   Malicious Call Trace (MCT)—enables an MSAT operator to retrieve         the complete call record at a MET's request for any terminated         call in real-time. The operator can then identify the calling         party to the MET and take appropriate action.     -   Voice Mail (VM)—allows call forwarding to a voice mail box and         retrieved of messages by the MET.     -   Alternate Accounts Charging (ACC)—allows the MET user to enter         in an account code to charge the call to after entering the         dialed digits -   Fully Provision -   Definition: Supply values to all attributes of a resource -   Frequency Step Size -   Definition: Minimum tuning increment acquired for a MET to tune in     an assigned channel. CMIS will only have the MET Class ID that a     particular MET's equipment maps to. NE originates this and other     data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC. -   From MET Call Barring Flags -   Definition: Describe actions available to a user originating a call     from a MET. These call Barring flags relate to specific types of     calls at an aggregate level to indicate if the MET can make or     receive a call of a particular type. When this list indicates that     an Inclusion or Exclusion to particular numbers or area codes is     allowed, the values for those restrictions are indicated on a Call     Barring List. -   FTIN -   Definition: Forward Terminal Identification Number—Downloaded to MET     from NOC during commissioning. Used for MET to GC signaling. -   Internal Data Time Stamp -   Definition: NOC generated time stamp used for NOC audit purposes. -   Internal Transaction Id -   Definition: NOC generated transaction is used for NOC audit     purposes. -   Interim resource -   Definition: The resource currently being modified by the engineer.     Changes made to an interim resource are not added to the working     configuration until the resource is committed to the working     configuration -   L Band Beam -   Definition: Current beam MET is logged into. Determined by the GC     during commissioning. CMIS has no role in creating or updating this     field. -   LCC -   Definition: Line Class Code—type of phone, required by the switch. -   MCC Class Id -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   MCC Instance -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   MCC Instance Id -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   MCC Instance Type -   Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has     no part in creating or updating events—they arrive unsolicited from     the NOC. -   Message Status 1 -   Definition: Used in the message initiated by the NOC to acknowledge     success or failure of a previously transmitted CMIS request. Used by     the DM. -   Message Status 2 -   Definition: Used in the message initiated by the NOC to acknowledge     success or failure of a previously transmitted CMIS request. Will be     used by the DM. -   Message Verb -   Definition: Action required at the NOC on data passed in a message     from CMIS. This field is in the message relaying the results of a     CMIS request. -   Modulation Scheme -   Definition: Non-standard modulation schemes. CMIS will only have the     MET Class ID that a particular MET's equipment maps to. NE/SE     originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and     sends it to the NOC. -   MSA -   Definition: Mobile Servicing Area—identifies the last call's     servicing area. Atomic data element within MSR. Transient data     maintained in call processing not on the cellular switch table. Same     as MSR. -   MSR -   Definition: Mobile Servicing Region id (table) contains multiple MSA     assignments for the MET. For a roamer, the operator will input the     MSR for temporary assignment. Allows up to 1024 cust groups—At CGS     startup there will be 1 MSR. -   MET ASK -   Definition: Access Key MET must match during call setup/validation. -   MET Class ID -   Definition: Identifies the operating characteristics of the MET.     Associated to MET by CMIS during registration from data supplied by     NE/SE. The technical characteristics the MET Class ID encompasses     are not needed by CMIS. These are stored on a table in the NOC and     referenced by having the ID on the MET Information record. This ID     applies to MET level regardless of how many services, etc. the MET     has tied to it. -   MET Commanded State -   Definition: Current CGS status of MET. -   MET Fraud Flag -   Definition: Indicates fraud has been detected on the MET. Updated by     GC and CMIS only. This field is set at the MET level regardless of     the number of services, etc. the MET has. -   MET ID -   Definition: CMIS assigned unique MET identifier. This can be a     unique random number assigned to each MET registered for service.     This is a MET level characteristic set once for the MET regardless     of how many services, etc. the MET has. The MET ID is used by the     NOC to identify METs. It does not have to be used within CMIS as a     key field. MET ID cannot be updated once it has been assigned. A MET     that requires a new MET ID for any reason would have to go through     the registration process anew. -   MET Signaling Code -   Definition: Dialed digits from MET that identifies VN selection.     Signaling codes would be assigned when a MET has multiple Virtual     Network memberships. After the MET user enters the destination phone     number, the pound key is hit and then the signaling code is entered     if the caller wants to associated the outbound call with a     particular virtual network. When no signaling code is entered,     implies default VN be associated with the call. -   Net Radio Monitor Code -   Definition: Controls MET responses to specific channels after hang     time limit is exceeded. A NR Net selection is made at the MET by the     user. -   Net Radio MET Directory Number -   Definition: Net radio MET directory number. Assigned during     registration. -   Net Radio Net Id -   Definition: Net ID -   Net Radio MET Directory Number -   Definition: Tag number on the MET equipment that identifies a     particular net radio net. -   Pending NVRAM Init Flag -   Definition: Instructs the GC to download/initialize parameters for a     MET. -   Pending PVT Flag -   Definition: This flag indicates that a PVT is required following     next MET access. If CMIS requests a PVT to help diagnose customer     troubles, an update would be sent to NOC with the Flag set to     Perform PVT after Next MET access (1). -   Picsel -   Definition: Flag indicating if user has asked for a preferred IXC     carrier. Carrier name is contained in CARRIER field. -   Record Type -   Definition: Type of record defined by object. Part of the Update     Results Record. -   Remote -   Definition: Remote user—not required by the switch for MSAT     Application. -   Recent Configuration Event -   Definition: This is a serial list of events received from the NOC     that pertain to configuration database changes. -   Referential Integrity -   Definition: Database “key field” relationships that bind record     within the databases, and create dependencies for additions and     deletions of table instances. -   RF Pin -   Definition: Remote feature personal identification number. A user is     prompted for a pin when attempting to use a remote feature. -   Roam -   Definition: Roam Capable—not required by the switch for MSAT     Application. -   RTIN -   Definition: Reverse Terminal Identification Number which is also the     satellite electronic serial number on satellite only and dual mode     cellular/satellite METs. This is a unique identifier assigned by     manufacturer for each piece of equipment. Within CGS processing the     RTIN is used by the GC to signal the MET. -   Satellite Id -   Definition: Satellite Id of current L-band beam. The NOC populates     this field based on MET commissioning. CMIS does not ever create or     update this field. -   SCM -   Definition: Station Class Mark. -   Secure Disable Flat -   Definition: Channel Unit security check flag. Setting this flag to     bypass security would disable ASK verification during call     processing for a MET. CMIS cannot change this flag. -   Signaling Priority -   Definition: Number of MET signaling requests to the GC during     network congestion. Assigned at the MET level—each MET may have only     one signaling priority regardless of the number of VN memberships it     has. The highest priority level is 0 and the lowest is seven. -   TDM Change Enable Flat -   Definition: Restriction on MET from changing TDM (TDM is the GSI) -   Telephone Number -   Definition: Phone number associated with a call type (voice, data,     fax, avd) in a given virtual network. -   Template -   Definition: An initial set of default attribute values for each     resource being added. -   To MET Call Barring Flags -   Definition: Describes actions available to a user receiving a call     at their MET. -   Trunk Access Priority -   Definition: Satellite trunk queuing priority used during network     congestion. Determines access to channels. -   Virtual Network Id -   Definition: Identifies the Virtual Network that the service and     feature profiles relate to. Within a single VN a MET may have one     voice, data, fax and/or avd service type. Features and restrictions     for those services are defined on the basis of the METs membership     in that VN. If the MET required an additional instance of a service     that it already subscribed to, (e.g. a second voice number), a     second virtual network assignment would be required. Features and     restrictions for that second membership can be defined with no     relation to the existing VN membership, but all elements that relate     to the MET level cannot change without a ripple effect to the other     services. -   VMS Instance Type -   Definition: Part of the Event Message -   Vocoder Id -   Definition: Vocoder version currently installed in the MET. CMIS     will only have the MET Class ID that a particular METs equipment     maps to. NE/SE originates this and other data that describes the MET     Class and sends it to the NOC. -   Working Configuration -   Definition: The set of resources currently being modified by the     engineer. This may be an existing, complete configuration which the     engineer is modifying, or may be a new, partial (or initially empty)     configuration.

GLOSSARY

-   A Availability -   AAC Airline Administrative Communications -   AARM Access Authentication Request -   ABH Average Busy Hour -   AC Alternating Current -   ACU Access Channel Unit -   ACU Antenna Control Unit -   AD Attribute Dictionary -   AEDC After Effective Date of Contract -   AFC Automatic Frequency Control -   AFS Antenna/Front-end Subsystem -   AGC Automatic Gain Control -   AIOD Automatic Number Identification Outward Dialing -   AMI Alternative Mark Inversion -   AMPS North American Analog and Digital Cellular Networks -   AMSC American Mobile Satellite Corporation -   AMS(R)S Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (Route) Service -   AMSS(R) Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Services (Reserved) -   ANI Automatic Number Identification -   ANSI American National Standards Institute -   ANT Antenna -   AOC Aircraft Operational Communications -   APC Airline Passenger Communications -   API Applications Program Interface -   AR Automatic Roaming -   ARC Atlantic Research Corporation -   ASK Access Security Key -   ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One -   AT Command set for a DTE to communicate with asynchronous host -   ATC Air Traffic Control -   AVD Alternate Voice/Data Calls -   AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise -   AZ Azimuth -   B8ZS Bipolar with 8 Zeros Substitution -   BB Bulletin Board -   BBS Bulletin Board Service -   BER Bit Error Rate -   BERT Bit Error Rate Tester -   BID Beam Identifier Code -   BIT Built In Test -   BITE Built-In Test Equipment -   BPS Bits Per Second -   BS Base Station -   BSPU Baseband Signaling Processing Unit -   BSS Base Station Switch -   C/No Carrier to Noise Power Density Ratio -   CAC Channel Access and Control -   CAF Call Failure Message -   CCCS Command, Control, and Communications Subsystem -   CCIR Consultative Committee International de Radio -   CCITT Consultative Committee International Telegraph and Telephone -   CCU Communications Channel Unit -   CD Call Delivery -   CDR Call Detail Record -   CDR Critical Design Review -   CDRL Contract Data Requirements List -   CE Common Equipment -   CG Control Group -   CGID Control Group Identification Number -   CGS Communications Ground Segment -   CHA Channel Assignment Message -   CHREL Channel Release Message -   CHREQ Channel Request Message -   CI Configuration Item -   CIBER Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer -   CIC Carrier Identification Code -   CM Configuration Management -   CMIP Common Management Information System -   CMIS Configuration Management Information System -   CMIS Customer Management Information System -   COTS Commercial off-the-Shelf -   CP Circuit Pool -   CPD Call Processing Demonstration -   CPS Circuit Pool Segment -   CPU Central Processing Unit -   C/PV Commissioning/Performance Verification -   CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check -   CS Communications System -   CSC Computer Software Component -   CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item -   CSDT Channel Switchover Detection Time -   CSF Critical System Functionality -   CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection -   CSMP Circuit Switch Management Processor -   CSMPCS Circuit Switch Management Data Processor Equipment     Communications System -   CSPU Channel Signal Processing Unit -   CSR CAC Statistics Request -   CSREP Call Status Reply Message -   CSREQ Call Status Request Message -   CSU Computer Software Unit -   CSUG Computer Software Unit Group -   CTB Customer Test Bed -   CTN Cellular Telephone Network -   CTN Cellular Terrestrial Network -   CTNI Cellular Telephone Network Interface -   CU Channel Unit -   CUD Call User Data -   CUG Closed User Group -   CUP Channel Unit Pool -   CUS Channel Unit Subsystem -   CVR Cellular Visitor Registration -   CVRACK Cellular Visitor Registration Acknowledge -   CW Carrier Wave -   CWCHA Call Waiting Channel Assignment Message -   DAMA Demand Assignment Multiple Access -   db Database -   dbc Decibel Relative to Carrier -   dB decibels -   dBi dB Relative to Isotropic -   dBm dB relative to 1 milli watt -   dBW decibels relative to 1 watt -   D bit ‘Data Configuration’ bit in X.25 -   DBMS DataBase Management System -   dBw dB Relative to 1 Watt -   DC Direct Current -   DCE Data Circuit Terminating Equipment -   DCE Data Communications Equipment -   DCL Digital Command Language -   DCN Down CoNverter -   DCR# Document Control Release # -   DCU Data Channel Unit -   DD Design Document -   DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol -   DDS Direct Digital Synthesis -   DEC Digital Equipment Corporation -   DECmcc Digital's Network Management System -   DEQPSK Differential Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying -   DET Data Equipment Terminal -   DFD Data Flow Diagram -   DH Data Hub -   DH-D Outbound Time Division Multiplex Channel from Data Hub to     Mobile Terminal -   DHP Data Hub Processor -   DHSI DH-D Selector Identification Code -   DID Direct Inward Dialing -   DlDs Data Item Descriptions -   DME Dial-Up Modem Emulation -   DMQ DEC Message Queue -   DMS Digital Multiplex System -   DN Directory Number -   DNS Digital Name Service -   DOC Canadian Department Of Communications -   DOD Direct Outward Dialing -   DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying -   DQPSK Differentially Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying -   DS0 Digital Service Level Zero (single 64K b/s channel) -   DS 1 Digital Service Level One (twenty four voice channels) -   DSP Digital Signal Processing -   DSSS 1 Digital Subscriber Signaling System 1 -   DTC Digital Trunk Controller -   DTE Data Terminal Equipment -   DTE Data Terminal Element -   DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency -   DVSI Digital Voice Systems, Inc. -   Eb/No Bit Energy to Noise Power Density Ratio -   ECN Engineering Change Notice -   EFD EF Data, Inc. -   EFTIN Encrypted Forward Terminal Identification Number -   E-I Exchange-Interexchange -   EIA Electronic Industries Association -   EICD Element Interface Control Document -   EIE External Interface Equipment -   EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power -   E1 Elevation -   EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility -   EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference -   engengineer or engineering -   EO End Office -   EO External Organizations -   EOD End of Data -   ESN Electronic Serial Number -   FAX Facsimile -   FCA Functional Configuration Audit -   FCC Federal Communications Commission -   FCS Fading Channel Simulator -   FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access -   FEC Forward Error Correction -   FES Feederlink Earth Station -   FES-C Inbound Communication channel from Feederlink Earth Station to     Mobile Terminal -   FES-I Interstation signaling channel from Feederlink Earth Station     to Group Controller -   FES/MT Feederlink Earth Station/Mobile Terminal -   FES-RE Feederlink Earth Station-Radio Frequency Equipment -   FES-TE Feederlink Earth Station Terminal Equipment -   FFT Fast Fourier Transform -   FIS Feederlink Earth Station Interface Simulator -   FIT Fault Isolation Tests -   FIU Fax Interface Unit -   FMT Fixed Mobile Terminal -   FMA Field Programmable Gate Array -   FPMH Failures per Million Hours -   FRO Frequency Reference Oscillator -   FT Fault Tolerant -   FTE Fax Terminal Equipment -   FTIN Forward Terminal Identification Number -   G/T Gain to System Noise Ratio -   GBF Gateway/Base Function -   GBS Gateway Base System -   GC Group Controller -   GC-I Interstation signaling channel from Group Controller to     Feederlink Earth Station -   GC-S Time Division Multiplex Signaling channel from Group Controller     to Mobile Terminal -   GCSST GC-S Search Time -   GEN Generator -   GHz Giga (1,000,000,000) Hertz (cycles per second) -   Graphical Monitor And Control System -   GPIB General Purpose Instrument Bus -   GPS Global Positioning System -   GS Gateway Station -   GSI GC-S Selector Identifier -   GW Gateway -   GWS Gateway Switch -   GWS/BSS Gateway Switch/Base Station Switch -   H/W Hardware -   HCHREQ Handoff Channel Request -   HDP Hardware Development Plan -   HLR Home Location Register -   HMI Human Machine Interface -   HOT Hand-off Test -   HPA High Power Amplifier -   HRS Hardware Requirements Specification -   HWCI Hardware Configuration Item -   HW/SW Hardware/Software -   Hz Hertz -   I In Phase channel -   IAW In Accordance With -   IC Interexchange Carrier -   ICD Interface Control Document -   ICI Instrument Control Interface -   ICP Intelligent Cellular Peripheral -   ICU Interstation Channel Unit -   ICWG Interface Control Working Group/Interface Coordination Working     Group -   ID Identification -   IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers -   IF Intermediate Frequency -   IFIS Intermediate Frequency Subsystem -   IFL Interfacility Link -   IF IFL Intermediate Frequency Internal Facility Link -   IHO Interstation Hand-Off -   IICD Internal Interface Control Document -   IICWG Internal Interface Control Working Group -   IM Intermodulation -   IMBE Improved Multiband Excitation -   IOC Input/Output Controller -   IP Internet Protocol -   ISCU Interstation Signaling Channel Unit/Interstation Channel Unit -   ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network -   ISL Interstation Signaling Link -   ISO International Standards Organization -   IVDCPD Integrated Voice & Data Call Processing Demonstration -   IVDM Integrated Voice/Data Mobile Terminal -   KBPS Kilo (1,000) Bits per Second -   kHz Kilohertz -   KLNA K-band Low Noise Amplifier -   KP Key Pulse -   LAN Local Area Network -   LAP Link Access Procedure -   LAPB Link Access Procedure using a balanced mode of operation -   LATA Local Access and Transport Area -   LBP Local Blocking Probability -   LCN Logical Channel Number -   LLCSC Lower Level Computer Software Component -   LLNA L-band Lowe Noise Amplifier -   LLS Lower Level Specification -   LNA Low Noise Amplifier -   LOI Level of Integration -   LPP Link Peripheral Processor -   LRU Line Replaceable Unit -   LRU Lowest Replaceable Unit -   LSSGR Loval Access and Transport Area Switching Systems Generic     Requirements -   MAP Maintenance Administrative Position -   MAP Mobile Application Part -   M bit ‘More Data’ bit in X.25 -   M&C Monitor and Control -   MCC Management Control Center -   MCGID Mobile Data Service Control Group Identification Number -   MDLP Mobile Data Service Data Link Protocol -   MDS Mobile Data Service -   MDSR MDLP Statistics Request -   MEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis -   MEF Minimum Essential Functionality -   MELCO Mitsubishi Electronic Company -   MET Mobile Earth Terminal (a.k.a. MT) -   MET-C Communication Channel Between Mobile Terminal and Feederlink     Earth Station -   MET-DRd Inbound Slotted Aloha Data Channel -   MET-DRr Inbound Slotted Aloha Reservation Channel -   MET-DT Inbound Packet Time Division Multiple Access Channel -   MET-SR Random Access Signaling Channel from Mobile Terminal to Group     Controller -   MET-ST Time Division Multiple Access signaling channel from Mobile     Terminal to Group Controller -   MF Multiple Frequency -   MFID Manufacturer Identification -   MGSP Mobile Terminal to Group Controller Signaling Protocol -   MHz Mega Hertz (cycles per second) -   MIB Management Information Base -   MIR Management Information Region -   MIRQ MT Initialization Request -   MIS Mobile Terminal Interface Simulator -   MIS Mobile Earth Terminal Interface Simulator -   ML Message Layer -   MLCSC Mid Level Computer Software Component -   MLP Multilink Procedure -   MMI Man Machine Interface -   MMRS Mobile Road Service -   MMSS Maritime Mobile Satellite Services -   MNMS Mobile Data Service Network Management Subsystem -   MNP Multi Network Protocol -   MODEM MODulator/DEModulator -   MOS Mean Opinion Score -   MOV Method of Verification -   MPLP Mobile Data Service Packet Layer Protocol -   MPR MPR Teltech Inc. -   MRI Minimum Request Interval -   MRS Mobile Radio Service -   MSAT Mobile Satellite -   MSC Mobile Switching Center -   MSS Mobile Satellite Service -   MSSP Mobile Terminal Specialized Services Protocol -   ms millisecond -   MT Mobile Terminal -   MT-C Communication Channel Between Mobile Terminal and Feederlink     Earth Station -   MT-DRd Inbound Slotted Aloha Data Channel -   MT-DRr Inbound Slotted Aloha Reservation Channel -   MT-DT Inbound Packet Time Division Multiple Access Channel -   MT/NR Mobile Terminal/Net Radio -   MT ASK Mobile Terminal Access Security Key -   MTBF Mean-Time Between Failures -   MTBRA Mean-Time Between Restoral Actions -   MTCRS Mobile Telephone Cellular Roaming Service -   MT-MET Mobile Terminal to Mobile Terminal -   MT-MT Mobile Terminal to Mobile Terminal -   MTP Mobile Data Service Transaction Protocol -   MT-PSTN Mobile Terminal/Public Switched Telephone Network -   MTS Mobile Telephone Service -   MT-SR Random Access Signaling Channel from Mobile Terminal to Group     Controller -   MTSR MTP Statistics Request -   MT-ST Time Division Multiple Access Signaling Channel from Mobile     Terminal to Group Controller -   MTTR Mean-Time to Repair -   MTX Mobile Telephone Exchange -   MULP Mobile Data Service Unacknowledged Link Protocol -   MUSR MULP Statistics Request -   NACN North American Cellular Network -   NADP North American Dialing Plan -   NANP North American Numbering Plan -   NAP Network Access Processor -   NAP-C Network Access Processor for the Communications Channel -   NAP-CU Network Access Processor-Channel Unit -   NAP-D Network Access Processor for the Data Channel -   NAP-N Network Access Processor for the Network Radio Channel -   NAP-S Network Access Processor for the Signaling Channel -   NAS Network Access Subsystem -   NASP National Aerospace Plan -   NCC Network Communications Controller -   NCC Network Control Center -   NCC-RE Network Communications Controller Radio frequency Equipment -   NCC-TE Network Communications Controller Terminal Equipment -   NCS Network Control System -   NCU Net Radio Control Unit -   NCU Net Radio Channel Unit -   NE Network Engineering -   NEBS New Equipment Building System -   NE/SE Network Engineering/System Engineering -   NIM Network Module -   NM Network Module -   NMP Network Management Process -   NMS Network Management System -   NMS/CMIS Network Management System/Customer Management Information     System -   NOC Network Operations Center -   NOC-FES Network Operations Center-Feederlink Earth Station -   NPA Numbering Plan Area -   NR Net Radio -   NRCHA Net Radio Channel Assignment -   NRCHREL Net Radio Channel Release -   NRCHREQ Net Radio Channel Request -   NRDVI Net Radio Dispatcher Voice Interface -   NRS Net Radio Service -   NRZ Non-Return to Zero -   NT Northern Telecom -   NTL Northern Telecom Limited -   NTP Northern Telecom Practice -   NVM Non-Volatile Memory -   OA&M Operation, Administration, and Maintenance -   O&M Operations and Maintenance -   OJJ On the Job Training -   OM Operational Measurements (from GWS) -   OS Operating System -   OSF Open Software Foundation -   OSI Open Systems Interconnection -   OSR Operational Support Review -   PA Product Assurance -   PAC Pre-emption Acknowledge Message -   PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler -   PAP Product Assurance Plan -   PBX Private Branch Exchange -   PC Process Control -   PCM Pulse Code Modulation -   PC-RFMCP PC Based RFM Control Processor -   PC-SCP PC Based Systems Control Processor -   PCSTR Physical Channel Statistics Request -   PCT Provisioning Criteria Table -   PCU Pilot Control Unit -   PCU Pilot Channel Unit -   PDAMA Priority Demand Assignment Multiple Access -   PDN Packet Data Network -   PDR Preliminary Design Review -   PDU Protocol Data Unit -   PE Protocol Extension -   PER Packet Error Rate -   PERSP Packet Error Rate Sample Period -   PERT Packet Error Rate Threshold -   PIP Program Implementation Plan -   PLP Packet Layer Protocol -   PLT Pilot -   PMR Project Management Review -   PMT Pre-emption Message -   PN Private Network -   PN Pseudo Noise -   PNIC Private Network Identification Code -   PPM Pulses per Minute -   PS Processor Subsystem -   PSDN Private Switched Data Network -   PSDN Public Switched Data Network -   PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network -   PTT Push-To-Talk -   PVC Performance Virtual Circuit -   PVT Permanent Verification Test/Performance Verification Test -   Q Quadrature Phased Channel -   QA Quality Assurance -   Q bit ‘Qualified Data’ bit in X.25 -   QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying -   RAM Random Access Memory -   RAM Reliability, Availability, Maintainability -   RDB Relational DataBase -   REMS Remote Environmental Monitoring System -   Req Requirement -   Rev Revision -   RF Radio Frequency -   RFE Radio Frequency Equipment -   RF IFL Radio Frequency Inter Facility Link -   RFM Radio Frequency Monitor -   RFP Request For Proposal -   RFS Radio Frequency Subsystem -   RHCP Right Hand Circularly Polarized -   RMS Remote Monitoring Station -   RMS Remote Monitor Subsystem -   RNO Remote NOC Operator -   ROM Read Only Memory -   RR Receiver Ready -   RS Requirements Specification -   RS-232C Electronics Industry Standard for unbalanced data circuits -   RSP Radio Standard Procedure -   RTIN Reverse Terminal Identification Number -   RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix -   RTP Reliable Transaction Protocol -   RTR Reliable Transaction Router -   RTS Reliable Transaction Service -   RTS Receiver/Tuner System -   Rx receive -   S/W Software -   SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition -   SCCP Signaline Connection Control Part -   SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier -   SCR Software Change Request -   SCS System Common Software -   SCU Signaling Channel Unit -   SDD Software Design Description -   SDID Seller Data Item Description -   SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control -   SDP Software Development Plan -   SDPAP Software Development Product Assurance Plan -   SDR System Design Review -   SDRL Seller Data Requirements List -   SE Systems Engineering -   SEC Setup Complete Message -   SEDP Software Engineering Development Plan -   SEE Software Engineering Environment -   SEEP Software Engineering Environment Plan -   SID System Identifier Code -   SIF System Integration Facility -   SIT Special Information Tones -   SLOC Source Lines of Code -   SLSS Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem -   SM Site Manager -   SMAC Station Monitor Alarm and Control Subsystem -   SMDS Satellite Mobile Data Service -   SMP Software Management Plan -   SMRS Satellite Mobile Radio Service -   SMSC Satellite Mobile Switching Center -   SMTS Satellite Mobile Telephone Service -   SNA Systems Network Architecture -   SNAC Satellite Network Access Controller -   SNACS Satellite Network Access Controller Subsystem -   SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol -   SNR Signal to Noise Ratio -   SOC Satellite Operation Center -   SOW Statement of Work -   SP Start Pulse -   SPAP Software Product Assurance Plan -   SPP Satellite Protocol Processor -   SQL Software Query Language -   SRR Systems Requirements Review -   SRS Software Requirements Specification -   SS7 Signaling System No. 7 -   SSA Sloppy Slotted Aloha -   SSTS Satellite Transmission Systems, Inc. -   STP Signal Transfer Point -   STP System Test Program -   STS System Test Station. -   STSI Satellite Transmission Systems, Inc. -   SU Signaling Unit -   SUES Shared-Use Earth Station -   SVC Switched Virtual Circuit -   SVVP Software Verification and Validation Plan -   SVVPR Software Verification and Validation Plan Review -   S/W Software -   [TI] Top Level Specification -   T-1 digital transmission link, 1.544 mega-bits per second -   TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol -   TCAP Transactions Capabilities Application Part -   TCF Training Check Frame -   TD Transmission Demonstration -   TDM Time Division Multiplex -   TDMA Time Division Multiple Access -   TDMSI Time Division Multiplex Selector ID -   TE Terminal Equipment -   Telecom Telephonic Communications -   TDM Time Division Multiplex -   TDMA TDM Access -   TID Terminal Identification -   TIM Timing -   TIM Technical Interchange Meeting -   TIM Terminal Identification Number -   TIS Terrestrial Interface Subsystem -   TLCSC Top Level Computer Software Component -   TLS Top Level Specification -   TMI Telesat Mobile Incorporated -   TMS Test and Monitor Station -   TNI Terrestrial Network Interface -   TPP Test Plan and Procedure -   TT&C Telemetry, Tracking and Control -   TX Transmit -   UCN Up Converter -   UDS Unacknowledged Data Delivery Service -   UIS User Interface Subsystem -   UPC Uplink Power Control -   UTR Universal Tone Receiver -   UW Unique Words -   V&V Verification and Validation -   VAC Value-Added Carrier -   VAX Model Identification of a Digital Equipment Corporation System -   VAX Virtual Address Extension (proprietary name used by DEC for some     of its computer systems) -   VCN Virtual Circuit Number -   VF Voice Frequency -   VLR Visitor Location Register -   VN Virtual Network -   VPN Virtual Private Network -   VUP Vax Unit of Processing -   V.22bis Modem Standard for 24( )0 Baud Service Over Telephone Lines -   V.25 Procedure for setting up a data connection on the Public     Switched Telephone Network -   V.26, V.28 Electrical specification of interchange circuits at both     the data terminal equipment and data communications equipment sides     of the interface (similar to RS-232-C) -   V.32 High Speed Serial Link, Physical Layer Definition -   V.35 X.25 physical layer interface used to access wideband channels     (at data rates up to 64 kbit/s) -   WAN Wide Area Network -   XCR X.25 Configuration Request -   XCID External Interface Control Document -   XICWG External Interface Control Working Group -   X.3 Specification for facilities provided by the Packet     Assembler/Disassembler -   X.21 X.25 physical layer interface for Data Terminal Equipment and     data communications equipment using synchronous transmission     facilities -   X.21bis X.25 physical layer interface for Data Terminal Equipment     designed for interfacing to synchronous V-series modems to access     data networks -   X.25 Specification for interface between Data Terminal Equipment and     Data Communications Equipment for terminals operating in packet mode -   X.28 Specification for interaction between loval terminal and Packet     Assembler/Disassembler -   X.29 Specification for interaction between Packet     Assembler/Disassembler and remote packet mode terminal 

1. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for receiving/transmitting a satellite message via a satellite from/to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a satellite interface system, a central controller receiving/transmitting the satellite message from/to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite and the satellite interface system, the mobile communication system comprising a user interface system providing a user interface through which a user has access to services supported by the mobile satellite system, an antenna system providing an interface between the mobile communication system and the mobile satellite system via the satellite interface system, and receiving a first satellite message from the satellite and transmitting a second satellite message to the satellite, a transceiver system, operatively connected to said antenna system, including a receiver and a transmitter, the transmitter converting the second satellite message including at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling signals into a modulated signal, transmitting the modulated signal to said antenna system, the transmitter including an amplifier, a first converter and associated first frequency synthesizer, a modulator, an encoder, multiplexer, scrambler and frame formatter for at least one of voice, fax, and data, the receiver accepting the first satellite message from the antenna system and converting the first satellite message into at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling signals, at least one of the voice, data and fax signals routed to the user interface system, the receiver including a second converter with an associated second frequency synthesizer, a demodulator, a decoder, demultiplexer, descrambler and frame unformatter for at least one of voice, fax, and data and a logic and signaling system, operatively connected to said transceiver, controlling initialization of the mobile communication system, obtaining an assigned outbound signaling channel from which updated system information and commands and messages are received, said logic and signaling system configuring said transceiver for reception and transmission of at least one of voice, data, fax and signaling messages, and controlling protocols between the mobile communication system and the mobile satellite system, and validating a received signalling messages and generating codes for a signaling message to be transmitted, a method of providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement, said method comprising the steps of: (a) first and second mobile earth terminals (METS) registering with the mobile satellite system; (b) the first MET selecting a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith; (c) the first MET transmitting the NET ID to the central controller; (d) the central controller receiving the NET ID, validating the first MET for communication, validating the NET ID, allocating a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasting the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; (e) the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller; (f) assigning by the central controller the first MET as current speaker for the NET group; (g) monitoring by the first and second METs whether at least one of a dispatcher message, a priority message and a release of speaker message has been issued, and if so, interrupting the current speaker with the at least one of the dispatcher message, the priority message and a new speaker; (h) monitoring by the central controller whether the current speaker is active, and if not, removing the current speaker and setting the current speaker to vacant; (i) notifying by the central controller the first and second METs that the current speaker is vacant; (j) initiating by one of the first and second METs a request to be the new speaker; (k) receiving by the central controller the request from a first of the one of the first and second METs to be the new speaker, and assigning the first of the one of the first and second METs as the new speaker; and (l) releasing the closed user group communication when no request from the one of the first and second METs is made to be the new speaker for a predetermined period of time.
 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: (1) a third MET included in the NET group registering with the mobile satellite system; (2) the central controller broadcasting the message to the NET group including the third MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; (3) the third MET generating a scrambling vector for access to the voice communication; and (4) the third MET tuning to the allocated frequency for the NET group using the scrambling vector to gain access thereto.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the central controller controls the closed user group satellite communication including net radio parameters used by the first and second METS.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the central controller selectively downloads the NET IDs to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the central controller collects billing information regarding the closed user group satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system, and wherein the mobile satellite system charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the closed user group arrangement.
 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: (1) a non-MET accessing the mobile satellite system via one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to initiate a closed user group communication with the NET group including at least one of the first and second METs; (2) the central controller broadcasting the message to the NET group informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; and (3) the at least one of the first and second METs tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller to communicate with the non-MET in the closed user group arrangement.
 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: (1) the first MET selecting the closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith; (2) the first MET transmitting the NET ID to the central controller; (3) the central controller receiving the NET ID, determining that the NET group includes the non-MET, and broadcasting a non-MET message to the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith; and (4) the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network receiving the non-MET message from the central controller and transmitting the non-MET message to the non-MET to establish the closed user group arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first MET includes a push to talk (PTT) device for generating the release of speaker message, and wherein said method further comprises the steps of the first MET activating the PTT device generating a PTT signal only when the PTT device is activated after the current speaker is one of vacant or the first MET, relieving congestion on the satellite by selectively transmitting the PTT signal.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the first MET activates the PTT device before one of the current speaker is vacant and the first MET, the first MET ignores the activation of the PTT device.
 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of the central controller selectively downloading monitor codes to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria.
 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the monitor codes functioning to lock at least one of the first and second METs to the NET group preventing the NET group from being released when no request has been made by one of the first and second METs to be the current speaker after the predetermined period of time.
 12. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for receiving/transmitting a satellite message via a satellite from/to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a central controller receiving/transmitting the satellite message from/to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite, a method of providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement, said method comprising the steps of: (a) first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile satellite system; (b) the first MET selecting a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith; (c) the first MET transmitting the NET ID to the central controller; (d) the central controller receiving the NET ID, validating the first MET for communication, validating the NET ID, allocating a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasting the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; (e) the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller; and (f) the central controller assigning the first MET as current speaker for the NET group.
 13. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for receiving/transmitting a satellite message via a satellite from/to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a central controller receiving/transmitting the satellite message from/to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a closed user group arrangement, comprising: first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connected to and registering with the mobile satellite system, the first MET selecting a closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmitting the NET ID; and a central controller responsively connected to the first and second METs, the central controller receiving the NET ID from the first MET, validating the first MET for communication, validating the NET ID, allocating a frequency for the NET group, and broadcasting the message to the NET group including the second MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller, and the central controller assigning the first MET as current speaker for the NET group.
 14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the central controller controls the closed user group satellite communication including net radio parameters used by the first and second METs.
 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the central controller selectively downloads the NET IDs to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria.
 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the central controller collects billing information regarding the closed user group satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system, and wherein the mobile satellite system charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the closed user group arrangement.
 17. The system according to claim 13, wherein a non-MET accesses the mobile satellite system via one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to initiate a closed user group communication with the NET group including at least one of the first and second METs, the central controller broadcasts the message to the NET group informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, and the at least one of the first and second METs tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller to communicate with the non-MET in the closed user group arrangement.
 18. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first MET selects the closed user group network identifier (NET ID) representing a NET group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith, and transmits the NET ID to the central controller, the central controller receives the NET ID, determines that the NET group includes the non-MET, and broadcasts a non-MET message to the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith, and the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network receives the non-MET message from the central controller and transmits the non-MET message to the non-MET to establish the closed user group arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.
 19. The system according to claim 13, wherein the first MET includes a push to talk (PTT) device for generating the release of speaker message, and wherein when the first MET activates the PTT device, a PTT signal is generated only when the PTT device is activated after the current speaker is one of vacant or the first MET, relieving congestion on the satellite by selectively transmitting the PTT signal.
 20. The system according to claim 13, wherein when the first MET activates the PTT device before one of the current speaker is vacant and the first MET, the first MET ignores the activation of the PTT device.
 21. The system according to claim 13, wherein the central controller selectively downloads monitor codes to the first and second METs according to predetermined user criteria.
 22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the monitor codes functioning to lock at least one of the first and second METs to the NET group preventing the NET group from being released when no request has been made by one of the first and second METs to be the current speaker after the predetermined period of time.
 23. The system according to claim 13, further comprising a third MET responsively connected to said central controller and included in the NET group registering with the mobile satellite system, and wherein the central controller broadcasts the message to the NET group including the third MET informing the NET group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, the third MET generating a scrambling vector for access to the voice communication, and tuning to the allocated frequency for the NET group using the scrambling vector to gain access thereto. 